Dehydration and distillation of tars or oils



w. A l 1,685,034

D. RIDER i IXDEHYDRATION AND DISTILLATION OF TARS vOR OILS Filed Feb. 28, 1924 l the process of dehydrating and distilling tarsl,

Patented sept. 1s, 192s.

oNrrsnsrA'ras PATENT or l asesina l C E.

DoUGLAs Brunn., or LONDON', ENGLAND, AssIGNon. To THERMAL INDUSTRIAL AND emmen. (T. L c.) nnsEAacH COMPANY LmrTnn. or LoNDoN, `LNeLAND, A

DmYDDATIoN AND-DISTELATION or TAns ola-oms. f

Application led February 28, 1924, Serial No.

This invention relates to improvementsin or oils by passing the liquid to be treated' through pipes or containers immersed in a bath of molten metal or alloy. AccordingA to the invention the temperature of the molten metal or alloy is controlled so that it exceeds by a few degrees only the boilin point of the highest boiling distillate which it is desired to obtain. For instance, in the case of the dehydration of tar or the distilla-I tion from it of lighter fractions, this excess of temperature would be in the neighbourhood of 10-15 C., but when heavier fractions 'ar being distilled the di'erence of temperature would be greater. Since the liquid coming into contact with the inner walls of the pipes or contaili'ers is never subjected to an excessive temperature, over-heating or cracking of the liquid or distillates and the consequent deposition of carbon on the walls is minimized or eliminated and the pipes or containers always remain substantially clean, so that the transmission of heatl is maintained. The life of the pipes or containers is prolonged.

In the event bf the core of the liquid within the pipe or container not being heated to the same extent as the layer nearest the heated walls, or in the event of the core of the liquid not being distilled to the same extent as the outer layer, the liquid and vapours may bereleased from the pipe or container into the bath of molten metal in such a way that the liquid is allowed to spread over the surface vof the molten metal in anl even, thin layer so that the whole of the liquid is brought to a uniform temperature and distilled to the same extent. v As the molten metal or alloy is constant in temperature the more highly heated liquid emerging from the pipe cannot be further heated or distilled whilst the less highly heated v'liquid can be brought to the desired temperature and the necessary distillates removed. The combination of the two methods of heating and `distilling referred to .above allows use of a smaller apparatus than could be used if either method were used alone, and a better thermal eiciency is obtained. l l

' A suitable apparatus comprises a still containing molten metal or alloy in which is immersed a pipe of suitable length having its 695,765, v:ma in Great Britain April 1o, 192s.

discharge end above the surface of the metal. The liquid is caused to flow through thepipe at a suitable rate and to issue from its discharge end so as to flow over the surface of the molten metal. The vapours are collected fromthe still in the usualv manner and the residue issues from an overflow pipe so that g theprocess may be continuous.

rIvhe accompanying drawings illustrate a suitable apparatua` Fig. 1 being a vertical sectionv and Fig. 2 a horizontal section on line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

rIfhestill a contains a spiral pipe 5 of which the admission end c extends through the wall of the still while the delivery end d vis up- .wardly turned so Athat it protrudes above the surface e of the molten metal or alloy, the greater part of the pipe being submerged beneath the surface. The pipe is supported by two struts f from the wall of the still.

The tar or oil is heated as it Hows, through the spiral pipe and such portion as is not vaporized therein Hows from the open end d on to the surface of the metal or alloy. Here it travelsin the form of a thin layei` towards the outlet g, its path being protracted by a spiral plate k supported on the pipe so that a part of it is immersed in the molten metal. Matter which will not volatilize at the temperature of the metal leaves the still by the outlet g.

The tube 'i contains any known thermostatic device for keeping the temperature at the desired degree, or a pyrometric device.

Having thus described the nature vof the said invention'and the best means I know of carrying the same, into practical elfect, I

of the molten' metal in such a manner that theY liquid spreads over the surface of the molten metal in an even layer.

' In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.,

DOUGLAS RIDER. 

